Indianapolis, January 31, 2011 -- Winter weather has once again arrived in central Indiana bringing with it cold temperatures, slick conditions, and snow and ice.  The wintery conditions also bring an abundance of dangerous health concerns. 
Whether it is waiting at a bus stop or clearing ice and snow from the driveway being out in the cold can result in a variety of health-related injuries and illnesses.  Ice and snow causes thousands of injuries and fatalities each year on American roads.  Some other health conditions associated with the cold include hypothermia, dehydration, trench and immersion foot and frostbite. 
"There are several precautions people should take when outside in extreme cold and icy conditions for extended periods.  The first is to dress appropriately by wearing several layers of clothing," said Dr. Rawle A. Seupaul, an emergency medicine physician at Wishard Health Services and associate professor at the IU School of Medicine.  "It is also important to be careful when driving on roads and walking on sidewalks as ice and snow can cause major hazards." 
Dr. Seupaul also stressed it is important to eat and drink hot meals and hot liquids, which help to provide warmth and energy on the coldest days.  He also said the elderly and young are especially susceptible to cold-related illnesses as well as those with cancer, HIV, heart disease and diabetes. 
Other tips doctors suggest following when out in extreme cold conditions include: 

• Always wearing a hat and/or scarf and having a blanket in your car when on the roads 
• Avoiding alcohol consumption 
• Wearing insulated gloves and socks to prevent frostbite injuries to fingers and toes 
• Drinking warm liquids like tea and hot chocolate.  Sugar contained in these beverages helps the body to generate additional heat (caffeine may seem beneficial, but should be generally avoided, as it may contribute to heat loss) 
• Avoiding wet clothing, shoes, or socks, as wet clothes may further contribute to a loss of body heat

Winter’s chill can cause major problems on roads.  Ice and snow-covered roads are a major source of accidents resulting in severe injury and death.  According to the National Weather Service, winter weather often catches people unprepared.  Researchers have found that 70 percent of the fatalities related to ice and snow occur in automobiles, and about 25 percent of all winter-related fatalities are people who are caught off guard.
"As a Level I trauma center we see a variety of injuries in the winter months that could be avoided or limited by following some simple precautions," said Dr. Seupaul.  "The most important advice is to just slow down, stay warm and take it easy." 
Wishard Health Services has a long history of providing central Indiana with state-of-the-art emergency services.  Wishard operates the single busiest emergency department in the state of Indiana, caring for over 100,000 patient visits in 2009 alone.  Several services are offered within the Wishard Emergency Department, including the IU/Wishard Level I Trauma Center, a hazardous materials program, a Psychiatric Emergency Room, an Urgent Visit Center and the Center of Hope for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault.